Art of stenciling



July 2, 1929. c ZUB| 1,719,459

ART OF STENCILING Original Filed Aug. 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Justus C. Zubl! July 2, 1929. J c ZUBL| 1.719.459

ART OF STENCILING Original Filed Aug. 25, 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Fig.5 5' 3i ,5

A A A /A F; -13 F1 1 4, A 7\/\ V 5 5 gnoznto; 52 Fig-1 5 Justus GZubZi attozwuf" July 2, 1929. J c, ZUBU 1.719.459

ART OF STENCILING l Original Fi led Aug. 25, 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Fig.5 C76 gwuento z Justus C. Zublz' abbozwur Patented July 2, 1929.

UNITED STATES JUSTUS C. ZUBLI, OF BBEMERTON, WASHINGTON.

ART OF STENCILING.

Application filed August 25, 1925, Serial No. 52,301.

My invention relates to the art of stenciling upon or otherwise imparting to a surface an outline, )referably shaded and blended into the background; one embodiment tak ing the form of display cards bearing on them words, letters, scrolls, designs, etc., outlined in two or more colors by means of applying the colors through an air brush directed toward the sheet, and toward intercepters in the form of the letters to be im parted, and the different colors applied from different directions. As the term stenciling is used hereafter, it is to be understood as meaning the act of changing the appearance of a surface through the intercepting effect of such intercepters upon the coloring or changing medium-employed.

By means of my invention show cards or like sheets or surfaces to be displayed can be made up by applying type in various forms to the surface, and in then fixing the outline of the type on the surface by applying a stenciling medium to the surface, generall somewhatdiffused, so that the surface wil receive the medium, less so much as is intercepted by the surfaces of the type. It is the object of my invention, therefore, to provide a method and machine whereby such display cards can be produced, type for use in connection with such a machine and method, and further, to produce a display card having produced thereon the words, letters, scrolls, designs, etc., stenciled according to my method.

In the accompanying drawings I have shown the several features constituting my invention; the machine, illustrating it in process of operation; the type, and the finished product, that is, the display card.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a machine embodying one phase of my invention, and by means of which my process can be carried out.

Figure 2 is a plan view, and Figure 3 a section on line 33 of Figure 2, illustrating a composite type form.

Figure 4 is a reproduction of a card with a letter produced thereon by the use of the letter shown in Figure 2.

Figures 5-19 inclusive, are sections through respective type forms, illustrating also variations in themethod of use thereof.

Figures 20 and 20 are, respectively, a section through the type and a diagram- *ma't ic representation of a method of stenoiling.

Renewed June 11, 1928.

Figure 21 is an elevation of a representative composite type form.

Figure 22 is a section through a similar type form.

Figure 23 is an elevation of another composite type form, and Figures 23 and 23 are, respectively, sections on the lines 6-?) and 0-0 of Figure 23 Fig. 245 is perspective view of another diverter having certain portions relieved and Fig. 24 is a view of the image produced by the diverter shown in Fig. 24

Fig. 25 is a section of a still different diverter having a thinned edge.

My present invention is particularly adapted to be carried out by means of a machine such as is shown in my Patent N 0. 1,532,360, modified as will be described hereinafter. Essentially my invention consists in the employment of diverters or type forms which are arranged upon or in juxtaposition to a surface to be stenciled, and in the employment of a stenciling medium directed toward the surface either directly or by reflection, and toward the diverters, so that the diverters intercept some portion of the stenciling medium. The stenciling medium generally is somewhat diffused, and would ordinarily be directed angularly toward the surface, and as the diverters would ordinarily include curves, the effect produced on the surface through the partial interception of the stenciling medium by the diverter, will be the production of a diffused and shaded outline of the diverter. If the process is repeated by applying a second stenciling medium, perhaps of different characteristics, as, for example, a different color, from a different angle toward the surface, the two mediums will blend outside of the areas intercepted, and areas which had not received the first imparting medium might receive the second, and vice versa, thus producing a multicolored outline, shaded and blended into the background, in cases Where colors are used as the two mediums. As noted, the invention is particularly adaptable for use in conjunction with such a machine as is described in my patent referred to above, for the reason that it is desirable to hold the diverter-s securely to the surface, or at least to hold them so that they will remain fixed in position when acted upon by a medium such as an air brush spray, which might tend to move the diverters from position. Except when using such a medium, forcefully up plied, however, it is not essential that such a magnetic machine and magnetic type be employed, although for other considerations hereinafter apparent its use may be desirable.

The chief commercial use for my present invention appears, at this time, to reside in the production of display cards through the application of colors to the card, and it will therefore be more particularly described in that relation. In so doing, however, I do not wish to be understood in any sense restricting: myself solely to the use of such colors or to the production of such a colored display card. Other media than colors mightbe employed, as, for example, a mordant, to etch the outlines on a proper surface, or light, direct or diffused, might be used, acting upon a sensitized surface to reproduce the outline of the diverters.

Proceeding to a description of the invention as embodied in the color process, it will be understood that a sheet S is suitably held upon a bed B, which may be the bed of the machine disclosed in my patent referred to above, and While thus held, type forms or diverters, generally designated by the letter D, are placed upon the surface S and suitably arranged thereon. Preferably these diverters D are of magnetic material and are held to the surface S by energizing the magnets M incorporated in the bed B. Above the bed B are supported nozzles N and N of air brushes, two only being shown, although a row or a solid bank may be employed, these nozzles being connected by hoses H to a suitable source of color by means of which the liquid color is forced under pressure through the nozzles N. in the common manner. These nozzles are arranged to cover the entire sheet equally with their spray, and unless a bank of nozzles covering a substantial area is to be employed, a single nozzle or a row of nozzles is arranged to traverse the sheet S, as, for example, by support them in a longitudinally movable carriage C, and a transversely movable carriage C, both being supported from a frame F. The frame F may be vertically adjustable, as in di(.-ated by the set screw 7', and the angle of the nozzles N and N may likewise be adjustable, as indicated by the set screw it. A platen P, likewise havingmagnets M incorporated in it, and hingedly connected to the bed B, may be provided, its purpose being o retain all of the diverters D in proper position and to raise them from the sheet S to permit its removal and the positioning of a new sheet after completion of the first. It will be understood that the carriages C and C may be arranged for automatic movement in various ways or may be shifted by hand. The particular manner in which the shifting is accomplished is not a part of the present invention, it being sufficient to note that they are shiftable to cover the entire sheet S with spray from the various nozzles N.

The diverters may take various forms and may be made up as composites of several forms. arious illustrative forms are shown in Figures 519 inclusive. The chief common characteristic f the diverters is that of having appreciable height or depth, so that an angularly directed spray will be intercepted thereby, to a greater or less extent depending upon the angle of incidenceof the spray with the diverter and upon the curvature of the latter.

The diverter shown in Figure 1 is of amore or less complex form, having a com paratively broad upper surface 1, a narrower under surface 2, and undercut side walls 3. The spray from the nozzle N, at the right, is spread and somewhat diffused, but in general strikes the diverter at the anfzle represented by the line A. Referring to the portion of the diverter at the right, it will be seen that a portion 11 of the surface S will receive the full effect of the spray from the nozzle N. Another portion 12, to the left of this portion 11, will be partially shielded from the spray, but will receive some of the diffused spray which does not directly follow the line A, and will also receive color reflected from the under side 3 of the diverter, this effect producing a shaded outline growing gradually lighter the portion 2 of the diverter which rests upon the surface S is reached. This portion 2 will. of course, completely intercept all of the color, at whatever angle it may be directed, and this portion of the surface will, therefore, appear the color of the original sheet. Further, the portion 12 of the surface is protected almost completely from the from the nozzle N, except such as is ly diffused and enters beneath the edge of the divcrtcr overhanging this portion 1; and consequently this portion of the surface will appear quite light, although by diffused spray and by reflection it will receive some of the color from the nozzle N.

The portion 14 between the two parts of the composite diverter, receives the full force of the spray from the nozzle N, and in addition, it will receive color deflected from the side wall 8 of the left hand portion. This portion 14 of the surface, therefore, will be even heavier than the surface 11 which receives only the direct spray. here reflection involved in the produclion of the effect, the eflect can be consider ably varied by shaping the under or refleeting" surface, as is indicated at 3', which will produce a different effect from the surface 3. Further, it will be noted that portions of the diverter curve, as seen in plan, whereby they are presented cndwise rather than edgewise to the angle A of the spray,

lit)

this effect blending from the very strongest application, as at 14, to a very light application caused by diffused colors where the diverter is presented endwise to the spray.

Assuming that a single color has been presented from the nozzle N and that this has traversed the entire surface S to cover such portions thereof as are not covered by diverters, the nozzle N at the left may now be brought into play. Its angle A may be the same as the angle A relative to the surface S, or otherwise, but coming from a different direction it will reach portions of the surface S not colored by the spray from the nozzle N, and will fail to reach sur faces previously colored. In between it will blend with the color previously applied. For example, in the portion 14 the surface lying closely adjacent the left hand element will be shielded thereby, and will receive only diffused spray from the nozzle N, whereas that portion lying close to the right hand element will receive direct spray, and in addition, will receive spray deflected from the side wall of this right hand element, and thus will be most strongly colored from the nozzle N. The result will be a strong blend of the two colors. Passing to the portion 12, this being shielded by the overhanging portion 4 of the diverter will receive practically no color from the nozzle N. The portion 11 will also be partially shielded, but will receive some color at the angle A, While the portion 13 which pre riously had been almost uncolored, will receive color from the nozzle N quite strongly. The result in the portions 12, 11 and 13, will be a succession of colors, 12 being almost ex clusively of the first color, 13 being almost exclusively of the second color, and the portion 11 furnishing a blend from one to the other.

I have illustrated a number of forms which may be assumed by the diverters, and a number of methods in which the various diverters may be employed. For example, Figure 5 illustrates a diverter 4 having the cross section of a tape, that is, being of an appreciable height but of little width, and standing on edge. Figure 6 illustrates the same idea, the diverter 5 being round in cross section, that is, formed of a rather heavy wire, so that its width as well as its height is appreciable, and having undercut surfaces assisting in the diffusion and interception of the colors.

Figure 7 represents a diverter which produces a very pleasing effect. Its upper surface 1 is of appreciable width and supported upon a tape-like member 4, the side walls 3 of which are of considerable height, but having an under surface 2 of little extent. Thus the upper surface is supported at a distance above the surface S to be stenciled, and serves to diffuse the spray, as, for example,

that coming at the angle A, and to produce a cloud-like effect, and to shield either color from portions of the surface, while the distinct outline of the letter is produced by the two colors as intercepted by the walls 3, the under surface 2, and the top surface 1. A modification of this idea shown in Figure 8, wherein the broad surface 1 is brought closer to the surface S to be colored, by supporting it only upon a wire 5.

Figures 9 and 10 represent diverters of the type shown in Figures 5 and (3, respectively, but supported above the surface S so that they do not touch the surface. Color from the angles A and A both, is permitted to pass beneath the under surface 2 of the diverter, and mingling to form a distinct outline of the diverter, but substantially black instead of white, as in the case shown in Figure 5. In Figure 10 the round wire 5 will not produce as distinct an outline of the letter as in the case of the diverter in Figure 9, but it will still be formed by a combination of the two colors mingling beneath the wire The diverters may be supported in any suitable manner, as, for example, upon a screen 6, as illustrated in Figure 10, or upon pins as in Figure 9.

Figure 11 illustrates a tape-like diverter 4 in association with a wire diverter 5 of less height. Beautiful effects are obtained by interception and by reflection between the two associated diverters. This idea is further carried out in the form shown in Figure 12, Where two wire diverters 5 are employed, positioned at opposite sides of the tape-like diverter 50.

Figures 13 and 14 illustrate to some extent, the principle of direct and reflected application, and the principle of employing various angles on the undercut sides 3 of the diverters, thus to produce varying effects. The diverter W has a side wall 3 which is inclined and, which will reflect color applied at the angle A downward so that while the diverter X is positioned so close to the diverter W that ordinarily the surface between them would not I'OCGlXG color, applied at the angle A, it will in effect receive this color by reflection from the surface 3 of the diverter IV. Color applied at the angle A would strongly and directly affect the surface between th diverters a l and would also be son'lewhat deflected therefrom. The dominant color on the surface between the diverters W and X would be that applied at the angle A, although tinged to a slight degree by color applied at the angle A. The adjacent Walls 3 of the diverters X and Y, adpieent thereto, are shown as vertical, and the surface between them would therefore receive equally colors applied at the angles A and the angle A. Both colors would reach the surface directly to some extent, by reflection and diffusion. Neither color would preltlt) lit) dominate, and the ctfect would be an equal blending of the two colors. The surface 3 of the diverter Z, which is adjacent the diverter Y, is undercut and hence would intercept most, if not all, of the color applied at the angle A. Color applied at the angle A, however. would color the entire surface between the diverters Y and Z, and as the surface ad jacent the diverter Y would be colored by color applied at the angle A, Y the result would be a blend from the color A through a common color, to the color applied at the angle A. Again, at the right hand side of the diverter Z, color applied at the angle A would coincide with the angle of the side wall of the diverter, and would be applied evenly to the surface, whereas color applied at the angle A would almost; wholly be intercepted and would not affect this surface.

In Figure 14 is shown the manner in which various undercut and various shaped surfaces of a diverter will atfect the reflection and cause a variation arranged in blending bands, corresponding to the various shapes of the undercut, over the surface thus covcred.

In Figure 15 the principle of reflection is employed to sten ll upon a surface S, which is arranged adjacent the surface S. The diverter 4, is either supportedupon the surface S or on the surface S, and the surface S is held to the diverter as by means of a weight R. This weight, in conjunction with the machine described, may be of magnetic material so that when the magnets M are energized it will be held to the surface S, which in this case would be the bed of the machine. Color applied at the angle A will be reflected from the surface S as indicated at a, to be applied to the surface S. This would ordinarily be employed only when the color is of such consistency that it is not desirable to allow it to run from the diverter 50 downward upon the surface to be sten ciled. By this method it drains away from the surface S to be steneiled. I

Figure 16 illustrates a combined diverter made up of a tape-like form 4 and a wire 5. The diverter 4 is applied directly to the surface S and the wire 5 overlies the mem her 4. Being formed as a scroll, for example, parts of the wire 5 will lie upon the upper edge 1 of the member 50 and parts thereof will lie upon the surface S, thus varying the spacing of portions of the wire 5 relative to the surface S and producing a cloud'like effect at one point and a distinct outline at another, blending between the two points.

Figure 17 represents a T-shaped diverter l in combination with two wires 5 and having shields 7 placed about the main diverters to allow the color to be applied within the shields 7, retaining the space outside thereof uncolored. This produces a shaded letter within a colored area, superimposed upon a white surface, being that portion outside of the shields 7.

In Figure 18 a tape-like divertcr 4: has been superin'iposed upon a flat diverter 51. The flat diverter forms a sharp outline with very little shading, while the tape-like divertcr 50 will produce a shaded outline overlyingthe sharp outline produced by the divertcr 51. It is understood that the twvo di verters are substantially alike in curvature, that is, they form substantially the same letter. Figure 19 is a variation of the same idea in which the upper diverter 52 is substantially the same as the lower divertcr 51 so that the effect produced is of a quite sharp, broad letter, slightly shaded.

Various effects can be obtained by differently manipulating the various type of diverters shown herein. By stenciling first with one color and then shifting the relative positions of the sheet S and the diverters, and then sienciling a second color, a very novel etfct of a letter of one color with shading of another, can be obtained. In other words, the more or less sharp outline of the letter in red, for example, will appear alongside of the sharp outline of the letter in green, id one will appear to be the letter and the other the shadow. For example, red may be applied at the angle A, the diverter being in the full line position of Figure 20*, to color the near side of the surface red, and to shield the surface on the far side of the divcrter. Now the diverter is moved to the dotted line position, onto the red, a portion of which it now shields, and green is applied at the angle A. The previously shielded portion, including the sharp outline of the letter which had been shielded from the red, is now colored green, but a like sharp outline, shielded from the green, re mains red. The result is as though the let ier appearing on the surface were shaded on one side in green and on the other side in red. In Figure 20, the outline L would represent the red, and the outline L the green. Also, the two colors may be applied from the same direction, the letter being shifted between the two applications, and a somewhat similar effect produced.

Figures :21 and 22 illustrate a means of producing a cloud-like effect superimposed upon the fairly sharp outline of the letter. The letter shown in Figure ,1 as formed of wire 5, has overlying it a shield rather broad in extent, and having sufficient openings to allow the colors access to the interior of the scrolls of the letter. At the same time it will be understood that the principle of reflection, as illustrated for example in Figure ll, can be taken advantage of to a ctmsiderable extent to reach the more remote portions of the letter. The effect,

therefore, especially if the color is delivered at a low angle of incidence to the surface of the sheet. is of a sharp outline upon a background somewha clouded but lighter than the general background of the card, the light or clouded portion being caused by the interception of the colors through the shield In Figure 22 the shield is shown used in conjunction with the T-shaped diverter 1-.

Figure 23 represents an elevation of a compound letter, one portion overlying another. This is of the type illustrated in Figure 16, with the exception that the round wire portion 5 is placed flat upon the surface, while the ta pelike member 4 overlies the wire. An effect quite different from that of the arrangement of Figure 16 is produced by the arrangement of Figure 23. The Figures 23 and 23 show typical sections on the lines indicated.

For use in providing a number of similar cards, the electromagnetic platen P, and the use of magnetic type, is highly desirable. Magnetic type are desirable also to prevent them being brushed aside by the blast from the air brush or being otherwise displaced. The electromagnetic platen is also highly desirable where shifting of the letters relative to the sheet, or vice versa, is required. After the first color has been applied, it is a simple matter to lift all of the letters by the employment of the platen and to shift the sheet S slightly, and then to replace the letters in the same relative positions. whereupon the second color is applied.

\Vhile the drawings show single nozzles N and N, it is to be understood that this is illustrative only and it may be desirable and generally would be preferable, to provide a battery of nozzles, so that the entire width of the sheet S could be covered uniformly and at the same time. Thus the application might be made by sweeping the carriage C, for example. across the sheet and this would make the application more uniform than if a single spray were traversed both longitudinall and transversely, or a solid bank of fixed nozzles, covering the entire sheet, might be used. The method of operation described above in detail, however, produces quite satisfactory results. so that I do not desire to be understood as limiting myself to the use of either a single brush or a battery of brushes.

Various effects can be produced by various combinations of type elements, by varying the angle of the stenciling medium o. its height above the sheet, by varying its intensity or diffusion, and by varying the relative values of the colors used. The stenciling medium also may be varied as mentioned previously, and light may be employed, operating against various opaque, semi-opaque. or translucent diverters. A mordant may be employed, either to etch material from the surface S, or to remove therefrom various preparations or colors previously applied and responsive to different mordants.

In Figure 1 the machine is shown as mounted upon a pivot E, whereby both the platen P and the bed B can be swung. By this or like means the platen and bed can be reversed, to bring the bed uppermost, when the divcrters D rest upon the platen, and permitting the bed B to be swung upward. The sheet S can then be removed for inspection or for any purpose, leaving the diverters undisturbed. So used the machine need not be magnctizable, nor the diverters of magnetic material. The sheets, and the diverters well, may be held in place by other forces than magnetism, as for example, by suction, the bed and platen being arranged with numerous small. suction apertures.

It is desirable to provide shading in the lines formed, and this can be done by thinning out the bottom surface of the divcrters in whole or in part, as shown at 20 in Figure 25, or by partly relieving the under surface as indicated at 21 in Figure 24. By properly graduating the ends of the relieved portions 21, a shaded dark line, as shown in Figure 2 1 is produced, the ends of the dark portions tapering out fine, as in fancy script lettering. The extreme ends, 2, which support the diverter. would form a. light line at the ends of the dark line as will be seen in Figure 24".

lVhat I claim as my invention is:

1. The process of stenciling shaded figures upon a surface which consists in arranging and maintaining in juxtaposition to said surface a skeleton outline of the figure of appreciable depth perpendicular to the surface and including intercepting areas, and in discharging a vaporous stenciling medium upon said surface and at an angle to the diverter.

2. The process of stenciling shaded figures upon a surface which consists in arranging and maintaining in juxtaposition to said surface a skeleton outline of the figure of ap preciable depth perpendicular to the surface and including intercepting areas, and in discharging a vaporous st-enciling medium upon said surface and divertcr, and from a plurality of differing directions angularly disposed relative to the surface and to the diverter areas.

3. The process of stenciling a shaded outline upon a surface which consists in arranging and maintaining in juxtaposition to said surface a diverter, and passing across said surface a spray of diffused liquid stenciling medium. the diverter being so disposed, relative to the surface and the angle of the spray, to present intercepting areas of varying extent and effect to the spray from the surface upwards.

4. The process of stenciling a shaded outline upon a surface which consists in a rang ing and maintaining substantially in contact with the surface a diverter, and passing over said surface a diffused stenciling medium forcefully directed towards the surface and divcrter, the diverter and the angle of the medium being so arranged raid disposed rela tive to each other and to the sit present intercepting areas of varying extent and effect between the source of the medium and the surface.

The process of stenciling a shaded outupon a surface which C(lllfilflis in arg' ng and maintaining a divertcr of apvreeiahle, vertical extent in juxtaposition to surface in passing over said surface a e l steucilingi' medium i"'or -c"=i lj dil towards the su! f'ace and dnxcrter. angle of ti medium the divcrter and the e'n jj so disposed and arranger. to each other and to the surface as to present intercepting areas of varying extent and effect to the medium from the surface upward, reproducing upon the surface the general outline of the divertm', and in then passing over said surface a second diffused stenciling medium, the diverter and the angle of the medium being such, relative to each other, to the surface, and to the angle of the first medium, as to present intercepting areas between the source of the second medium and portions of the surface previ ously steuciled, and to stencil upon portions of the surface previously shielded, whereby the general outline of. the diverter is again reproduced on the surface ort of coincidence with its first reproduction.

6. The process of stenciling a shaded outline upon a surface Which consists in arranging and maintaining a composite diverter in juxtaposition to the surface, and in passing over said diverter and surface a stenciling medium, the angle of incidence of the medium being such, relative to the surface and to the angle, spacing and effective extent of the component parts of the diverter, as to reproduce the general outline thereof on said surface, varied by the differing degree of interception of the stenciling medium by the several parts of the diverter.

7. The process of stenciling a shaded outline upon surface which consists in arranging and maintaining a composite divertcr in juxtaposition to the surface, and in passing over said diverter and sur ace a stenciling medium forcefully directed towards the surface and divcrter, the angle of incidence of the medium being such, relative to the surface and to the angle, spacing and effective extent of the component parts of the diverter, as to reproduce the general outline thereof on said surface, varied by the differing degree of interception and reflection of the medium by the several parts of the diverter.

8. A method of forming shaded figures on surfaces which consists in employing skeleton outlines of the figures of appreciable verti fal extent, r sting these upon the surface, and then discharging coloring matter as a apor at a selected angle towards and upon the surfaces, including the points occupied, by the skeleton outlines.

A method of formin shaded figures on surfaces which consists in employing skeleton outlines of the figures having a material depth perpendicular to the surface upon which the figures are to be made, placing these in contact With the surface and then discharging coloring matter as a Vapor at selected angles upon the surfaces, including points occupied by the skeleton outlines.

10. The process of imparting a shaded outline to a surface which consists in arranging and maintaining a diverter in juxtaaosition to the surface, applying a stenciling medium to the surface and diverter, shifting the relative positions of the diverter and, the outline thus made, and again applying a stcnciiing medium to the surface and divcrter.

11. The process of imparting a shaded outline to a surface which consists in arranging and maintaining a diverter in juxtaposition to the surface, applying a stenciling medium angularly to the surface and diverter, shifting the relative position of the diverter and the outline thus made, and applying a stcnciling medium at a different angle to the surface and diverter.

12. As an article of manufacture, an object having a substantially non-distensible smooth surface bearing in general a combination of a plurality of stenciling media, different portions thereof having one or more media intercepted to leave such portions stenciled by less than the Whole number of media employed, and the figure being delineated solely by the interception of the arious media in different areas.

13. As an article of manufacture, an objcct havii'lg a substantially non-distensible smooth surface bearing in general a combination of two colors, as red and blue, certain portions thereof having one color, as red, intercepted to leave such portions colored by the other color, blue, and certain other portions having the second color, blue, intercepted to leave such portions colored by the first color, red, whereby a shaded demarcation of a type form is produced by the combined effect of the intercepted, singlecolorcd areas, the colors elsewhere blending without demarcation into a background formed as a blend, as purple, of the two media.

ll. The process of stenciling a shaded outline upon a surface Which consists in arranging and maintaining substantially in contact with said surface a diverter having intercepting areas of appreciable vertical extent, and in forcefully applying a stenciling medium to the said surface and diverter at an angle to the surface.

'15. The process of stenciling a shaded outline upon a surface which consists in arranging and maintaining .subst antialiy in contact with said surface a diverter having intercepting areas of appreciable vertical extent, and in forcefully applying a partially diffused stenciling medium to the said surface and diverter from a plurality of different directions angularly disposed relative to the surface and to the vertical area of said diverter.

16. The process of stenciling a multi-colored shaded outline upon a surface which consists in arranging and maintaining in juxtaposition to said surface a diverter of appreciable depth perpendicular to the surface, and including perpendicular intercepting areas, and in spraying upon said surface and diverter a plurality of differently colored liquid stenciling mediums, the several sprays being directed towards the diverter from different directions at an angle to the surface and to the diverter areas.

17. An object bearing upon its surface a representation of a figure delineated by two or more media, which within the same figure occupy unlike areas and also blend without demarcation in common areas, and at its margins blending into a background formed as a blend of the several media.

18. An object bearing upon its surface a representation of a figure delineated solely by the application of two or more media, which occupy unlike areas and also blend without demarcation in common areas.

19. An object bearing upon its surface a representation of a figure delineated solely by the application of one or more media, each medium occupying areas different from those of another medium, to outline the figure, and also blending without demarcation with other media in common areas, or with the ground characteristics of the surface, where one medium only is used.

20. As an article of manufacture, an object bearing upon its surface a representation of a figure delineated by one or more media and having areas of raised and depressed effect, the areas of raised effect being most strongly delineated by the medium or media at the side opposite that from which the said medium or media were projected.

21. As an article of manufacture, an object bearing upon its surface a representation of a figure delineated by two or more media and having areas of raised and depressed effect, the areas of raised effect being most strongly delineated by one or more media at the side opposite that from which the said medium or media were projected, the areas of depressed effect being produced by the blending and lessening of intensity of the several media falling within such intermediate areas of depressed effect.

Signed this 19th day of August, 1925.

JUSTUS C. ZUBLI. 

